46BC – Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina.

1885 – The first successful appendix operation is performed by Dr William West Grant in Iowa in the United States.

1936 – Billboard Magazine publishes the first popular music chart, with rankings based on national sales figures.

1967 – Donald Campbell dies on Coniston Water in the Lake District, England, during a water speed record attempt in his boat, ‘Bluebird II’.   His remains were not recovered until 2001.

1998 – Loyalist prisoners in the Maze Prison vote to withdraw support for the Ulster peace process. They claim that too many concessions have been made to republicans.

1999 – Eleven countries in Europe are united with a common currency when the euro debuts as a financial unit in corporate and investment markets.